In the mid-1950s, Lovelock experimented with the cryopreservation of rodents, determining that hamsters could be frozen with 60% of the water in the brain crystallized into ice with no adverse effects recorded. When energy received from the star is low, black daisies proliferate since they absorb a greater fraction of the heat, but when energy input is high, white daisies predominate since they reflect excess heat. heinäkuuta 1919) on riippumaton brittiläinen tiedemies, kirjailija, ympäristönsuojelija ja tulevaisuudentutkija.Lovelock tunnetaan parhaiten Gaia-hypoteesistaan, jonka mukaan Maa toimii eräänlaisen superorganismin tavoin itseään säätelevänä kokonaisuutena. ", "James Lovelock at 100: A voice we ignore, but at our peril", "Nuclear power is the only green solution", "Why Gaia is wreaking revenge on our abuse of the environment", Listen to an oral history interview with James Lovelock, History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group, Dr. Lovelock Lectures on The Vanishing Face of Gaia, Audio: James Lovelock in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion show, Reflections on meeting James Lovelock and a recent interview with him, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Lovelock&oldid=997460413, Alumni of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Commanders of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship in Medicine, Arne Naess Chair in Global Justice and the Environment (2007), This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 16:36. In his 1988 book The Ages of Gaia he states: I have never regarded nuclear radiation or nuclear power as anything other than a normal and inevitable part of the environment. There is extant among the Greeks an hexameter poem, the name of which is Eumolpia, and it is assigned to Musaeus, son of Antiophemus. Drawing from the research of Alfred C. Redfield and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Lovelock first formulated the Gaia hypothesis in the 1960s resulting from his work for NASA concerned with detecting life on Mars. Here the floor opens to the width of a cubit, and they say that along this bed flowed off the water after the deluge that occurred in the time of Deukalion, and into it they cast every year wheat mixed with honey . He later explained this claim in an interview with The Manchester Magazine. [61][62], Lovelock married Helen Hyslop in 1942, and they had four children and lived together until 1989 when Helen died of multiple sclerosis. Unie à Ouranos, le dieu du Ciel, elle engendra les six Titans et les six Titanides, puis les Cyclopes et enfin les Hécatonchires (les monstres aux cent bras). In Athenian vase painting she was shown as a matronly woman only half risen from the earth, often in the act of handing the baby Erichthonius, a future king of Athens, to Athena to foster). He invented the instrument for the purpose of heating up frozen hamsters in a way that caused less suffering to the animals, as opposed to the traditional way which involved putting red hot spoons on the animals' chest to heat them up. Allen Lane. You can’t win people round by saying they are guilty for putting (carbon dioxide) in the air. Geografie. Further books by Lovelock and others popularized the Gaia Hypothesis, which was embraced to some extent by New Age environmentalists as part of the heightened awareness of environmental concerns of the 1990s. File:James Lovelock in 2005.jpg cropped 78 % horizontally, 58 % vertically, rotated -5° using CropTool with precise mode. In Crete, a goddess was worshiped as Potnia Theron (the "Mistress of the Animals") or simply Potnia ("Mistress"), speculated[by whom?] During work on a precursor of this program, Lovelock became interested in the composition of the Martian atmosphere, reasoning that many life forms on Mars would be obliged to make use of it (and, thus, alter it). He also claims to have invented the microwave oven [5]. [14] In the United States, he has conducted research at Yale, Baylor College of Medicine, and Harvard University.[3]. He also mentioned how he had a claim for inventing the microwave oven. Heeren. [35] Of the claims "the science is settled" on global warming he states:[44], One thing that being a scientist has taught me is that you can never be certain about anything. To Lovelock, the stark contrast between the Martian atmosphere and chemically dynamic mixture of the Earth's biosphere was strongly indicative of the absence of life on Mars. [58], Lovelock thinks the time is past for sustainable development, and that we have come to a time when development is no longer sustainable. [25], In Novacene (2019) Lovelock proposes that benevolent superintelligence may take over and save the ecosystem, and states that the machines will need to keep organic life around to keep the planet's temperature habitable for electronic life. s. v.; Phot. "[43] The Temple of Zeus Olympios in Athens reportedly had an enclosure of Ge Olympia: [Within the sanctuary of Zeus Olympios in the lower town of Athens :] Within the precincts are antiquities : a bronze Zeus, a temple of Kronos (Cronus) and Rhea and an enclosure of Ge (Earth) surnamed Olympia. Before any geoengineering is put to work a massive amount of research is needed – research which will take 20 to 30 years". 2 Kouretes were born from rainwater (Uranus fertilizing Gaia), This article is about the primordial Greek goddess. Er wurde in die New- Age-Ecke abgeschoben. Es especialista de las sciéncias de l'atmosfèra. In 2006 he received the Wollaston Medal, the Geological Society of London's highest award, whose previous recipients include Charles Darwin. We were supposed to be halfway toward a frying world now. James Lovelock hat Generationen mit seiner Gaia-Hypothese begeistert. It is a journey of about thirty stades [from the stream of Krathis (Crathis) near the ruins of Aigai (Aegae) in Akhaia] to what is called the Gaion (Gaeum), a sanctuary of Ge (Earth) surnamed Eurysternos (Broad-bossomed), whose wooden image is one of the very oldest. [60] Lovelock was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to the study of the Science and Atmosphere in the 1990 New Year Honours and a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to Global Environment Science in the 2003 New Year Honours. I knew this to be a nightmare fantasy wholly without substance in the real world... One of the striking things about places heavily contaminated by radioactive nuclides is the richness of their wildlife. Aside from her temples, Gaia had altars as well as sacred spaces in the sanctuaries of other gods. He believes that at the time, nobody had gone that far and made an embodiment of an actual microwave oven. Nellie Anne E. Lovelock, DoB = 18 Dec 1887, GRO Register of Marriages: JUN 1915 1a 1046 FULHAM. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaia&oldid=999980772, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. So Gaia devised a plan. Gaia-Hypothese, Hypothese von James Lovelock u. a. bezüglich der Regulation der Biosphäre Gaia (Raumsonde), im Dezember 2013 gestartete astrometrische Mission der ESA Gaia (Schiff), Nachbau des Gokstad-Schiffes Gaia (Software), Googles zentrales Authentifizierungssystem (Single-Sign-On-System) James E. Lovelock, mmn = March, GRO Register of Births: JUN 1873 2a 282 WANTAGE. "[34] Depending on the source, Gaia passed her powers on to Poseidon, Apollo, or Themis. In mosaic representations, she appears as a woman reclining upon the earth surrounded by a host of Carpi, infant gods of the fruits of the earth. In early 1961, Lovelock was engaged by NASA to develop sensitive instruments for the analysis of extraterrestrial atmospheres and planetary surfaces. Biografia Primièrs pas scientifics: Mart e la Tèrra. [41] There is nothing in the published interview to suggest that the interviewer sought or Lovelock offered any evidence to support that serious allegation. [14][11][69] He fell in love with his second wife, Sandy, at the age of 73. [19] He found a concentration of 60 parts per trillion of CFC-11 over Ireland and, in a partially self-funded research expedition in 1972, went on to measure the concentration of CFC-11 from the northern hemisphere to the Antarctic aboard the research vessel RRS Shackleton. The greens use guilt. As an independent scientist, inventor, and author, Lovelock worked out of a barn-turned-laboratory he called his "experimental station" located in a wooded valley on the Devon/Cornwall border in South West England.[25]. 300, with the Schol. Some modern mythographers, including Karl Kerenyi, Carl A. P. Ruck, and Danny Staples, interpret the goddesses Demeter the "mother," Persephone the "daughter", and Hecate the "crone," as aspects of a former great goddess identified by some[who?] Zeus hid Elara, one of his lovers, from Hera by stowing her under the earth. Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2000 hatte der Ort 2003 Einwohner. Therefore, we need to retreat. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography, Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Association of Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy, "The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning by James Lovelock and He Knew He Was Right: The Irrepressible Life of James Lovelock and Gaia by John and Mary Gribbin", Travels with an Electron Capture Detector, "Library and Archive Catalogue EC/1974/16: Lovelock, James Ephraim", "James Lovelock: The UK should be going mad for fracking", "BBC Radio 4 – The Life Scientific, James Lovelock", "Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11 CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride", "James Lovelock: 'Any Further Interference Is Likely to Be Disastrous, The Earth is about to catch a morbid fever that may last as long as 100,000 years, "James Lovelock: Humans are too stupid to prevent climate change", "James Lovelock letter on wind turbines Broadbury Ridge", "Novacene by James Lovelock review – a big welcome for the AI takeover", "Ocean pipes could help the Earth to cure itself", Scientists propose 'plumbing' method to solve crisis of global warming, James Lovelock's plan to pump ocean water to stop climate change, Pipes hung in the sea could help planet to 'heal itself', "How sea tubes could slow climate change", "The last green taboo: engineering the planet", "Geo-engineering might cause, not cure, problems", http://www.jameslovelock.org/degrees-awards-and-prizes/, https://www.gtc.ox.ac.uk/about/fellows/james-lovelock/, https://www.exeter.ac.uk/honorarygraduates/previous/, https://www.kent.ac.uk/governance/honorary-degrees/Past%20Honorary%20Degrees%20-%20February%202020.pdf, https://www.cu.edu/regents/honorary-degrees-university-medals-and-distinguished-service-awards-1951-2000, https://www.mba.ac.uk/blog/occasion-100th-birthday-james-lovelock, "Lovelock, Prof. James Ephraim, (born 26 July 1919), independent scientist, since 1964; Senior Research Fellow, Green Templeton College (formerly Green College), Oxford, since 2012 (Hon. [56] Lovelock subsequently said that his proposal was intended to stimulate interest and research would be the next step. Tom Arthur Lovelock, GRO Register of Deaths: MAR 1957 5b 206 BROMLEY. Die Erde sei ein intelligentes System, das es zu schützen gelte. In ancient times, Gaia was mainly worshiped alongside Demeter and as a part of the cult of Demeter and does not seem to have had a separate cult. You don’t know it. Her statues were naturally to be found in the temples of Demeter, such as the Temple of Demeter in Achaia: "They [the Patraians of Akhaia (Achaea)] have also a grove by the sea, affording in summer weather very agreeable walks and a pleasant means generally of passing the time. [19][20][21] After studying the operation of the Earth's sulphur cycle,[22] Lovelock and his colleagues, Robert Jay Charlson, Meinrat Andreae and Stephen G. Warren developed the CLAW hypothesis as a possible example of biological control of the Earth's climate.[23]. Her existence is a speculation and controversial in the academic community. [citation needed] However, the atmosphere was found to be in a stable condition close to its chemical equilibrium, with very little oxygen, methane, or hydrogen, but with an overwhelming abundance of carbon dioxide. Lovelock lag im Zentrum des Humboldt Projects. It may be necessary to put democracy on hold for a while. Il est spécialiste des sciences de l'atmosphère. . James Ephraim Lovelock, né le 26 juillet 1919 à Letchworth Garden City en Angleterre, est un penseur, scientifique et environnementaliste indépendant britannique. More commonly held to be child of Phorcys and Ceto, More commonly held to be child of Gaia alone. De son frère Tartare Gaïa donna naissance à une créature terrifiante, Typhon. Az elmélet későbbi finomításai olyan újabb tudományterületeket alapoztak meg, mint a biogeokémia, a rendszerökológia és a geofiziológia. È uno scienziato indipendente, scrittore e ricercatore ambientalista che vive in Cornovaglia, nel sud ovest dell' Inghilterra. After the development of his electron capture detector, in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 22:48. [47], In September 2007, Lovelock and Chris Rapley proposed the construction of ocean pumps to pump water up from below the thermocline to "fertilize algae in the surface waters and encourage them to bloom". In some Gaia theory approaches, the Earth itself is viewed as an organism with self-regulatory functions. His methods were influential in the theories of cryonics (the cryopreservation of humans). [24], Lovelock has been awarded a number of prestigious prizes including the Tswett Medal (1975), the American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography (1980), the World Meteorological Organization Norbert Gerbier–MUMM Award (1988), the Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences (1990) and the Royal Geographical Society Discovery Lifetime award (2001). [ 2 ] ​ It just so happens that the green religion is now taking over from the Christian religion. He has many inventions, including a gas chromatograph, which will be used to investigate planetary atmospheres. Next to the grove is a sanctuary of Demeter; she and her daughter [Persephone] are standing, but the image of Ge (Earth) is seated. James Ephraim Lovelock (s.26. Further experiments to search for life on Mars have been carried out by further space probes, for instance by NASA'S Curiosity Rover which landed in 2012. Lovelock had invented the electron capture detector, which ultimately assisted in discoveries about the persistence of CFCs and their role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Teorie Gaii, nebo též Hypotéza Gaia (nebo také Gaea), [zdroj?] [26][27][28] Other epithets were Calligeneia,[29] Eurusternos,[30] and Pandôros.[31]. His chromatographic work has led to investigation of blood lipids in various animals, including arteriosclerotic humans. Lovelock was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974. [Q 2] Der Mythograph Hyginus nennt als Eltern der Gaia Aither und Hemera. [Q 1] Für die Orphiker ist Hydros (Wasser) die Urgottheit, aus der nach ihrer Vorstellung Gaia als einzige Gottheit ohne Befruchtung hervorgegangen ist. She is the mother of Uranus (the sky), from whose sexual union she bore the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods), the Cyclopes, and the Giants ; of Pontus (the sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. [50] Other researchers have claimed that "this scheme would bring water with high natural pCO2 levels (associated with the nutrients) back to the surface, potentially causing exhalation of CO2". Ihre Geschwister sind Tartaros, Eros, Erebos und Nyx. Epigr. Lovelock has become concerned about the threat of global warming from the greenhouse effect. 7. [15], In 1948, Lovelock received a PhD degree in medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Gaia is the ancestral mother of all life. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, Anglatèrra, 26 de julhet de 1919) es un pensaire, scientific e environamentalista independent anglés. While the hypothesis was readily accepted by many in the environmentalist community, it has not been widely accepted within the scientific community as a whole. –) független brit tudós, szerző, kutató, környezetvédő, akit legfőképpen a Gaia-elmélet modern kori megalkotása miatt ismernek. It is said that he gave to Poseidon Calaureia, that lies off Troezen, in exchange for his oracle. Most of all, he says, it's about everybody "absolutely doing their utmost to sustain civilization, so that it doesn't degenerate into Dark Ages, with warlords running things, which is a real danger. Tom A. Lovelock = Nellie A. E. March. Byla vydána v roce 1988 v nakladatelství W. W. Norton. Writing in the British newspaper The Independent in January 2006, Lovelock argued that, as a result of global warming, "billions of us will die and the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable" by the end of the 21st century. There’s nothing much really happening yet. . But afterwards, Gaia, in union with Tartarus, bore the youngest of her sons Typhon, who would be the last challenge to the authority of Zeus. James Lovelock was born in Letchworth Garden City to Tom Arthur Lovelock (1873–1957) and his second wife Nellie Annie Elizabeth née March (1887–1980). [9][10], Hesiod's Theogony tells how, after Chaos, "wide-bosomed" Gaia (Earth) arose to be the everlasting seat of the immortals who possess Olympus above. However, the experiment did provide the first useful data on the ubiquitous presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. Zijn grootste bekendheid ontleent hij aan het bedenken en uitdragen van de Gaia-hypothese, waarin hij stelt dat de Aarde functioneert als een soort superorganisme. Gaia, una nueva visión de la vida sobre la Tierra. Pausanias also mention the sanctuary of Ge Gasepton in Sparta,[38] and a sanctuary of Ge Kourotrophe (Nurse of the Young) at Athens. The test applied is drinking bull's blood. A lifelong inventor, Lovelock has created and developed many scientific instruments, some of which were designed for NASA in its planetary exploration program. Veřejnosti je znám zejména jako autor a popularizátor teorie Gaia, jako silný zastánce jaderné energetiky i jako autorita v oblasti výzkumu globálního oteplování. This suggests the biosphere is a self-regulating system.. After the development of an instrument in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. Similarly the warming of the oceans is extending the oceanic thermocline layer of tropical oceans into the Arctic and Antarctic waters, preventing the rise of oceanic nutrients into the surface waters and eliminating the algal blooms of phytoplankton on which oceanic food chains depend. Lex. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [25][44] He opposes the concept of "sustainable development", where modern economies might be powered by wind turbines, calling it meaningless drivel. Gaia or Ge had at least three sanctuaries in Greece which were mentioned by Pausanias. Giants: Enceladus, Coeus, Astraeus, Pelorus, Pallas, Emphytus, Rhoecus, Agrius, Ephialtes, Eurytus, Themoises, Theodamas, Otus, Polyboetes, and Iapetus. The Revenge of Gaia: Why the Earth Is Fighting Back – and How We Can Still Save Humanity. . A bronze head is in the collection of the sitter and the terracotta is in the archive of the artist. As the white and black daisies have contrary effects on the planet's overall albedo and temperature, changes in their relative populations stabilise the planet's climate and to keep temperature within an optimal range despite fluctuations in energy from the star. From the testicles of Uranus in the sea came forth Aphrodite. However, in the biological case, ecological competition between "daisy" species with different albedo values produces a homeostatic effect on global temperature. The hypothesis proposes that living organisms and inorganic material are part of a dynamical system that shapes the Earth's biosphere, and maintains the Earth as a fit environment for life. You can only approach it and hope to get a bit nearer to it each time. [19], Because Cronus had learned from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overthrown by one of his children, he swallowed each of the children born to him by his Titan older sister, Rhea. A scheme similar to that proposed by Lovelock and Rapley is already being independently developed by a commercial company. Lovelock could not at first afford to go to university, something which he believes helped prevent him becoming overspecialised and aided the development of Gaia theory. The climate is doing its usual tricks. Maga a Gaia elmélete a görögöktől ered. His electron capture detectors are the most sensitive that have been made and are universally used on pollution problems for residual halogen compounds. Afterwards with Uranus, her son, she gave birth to the Titans, as Hesiod tells it: She lay with Heaven and bore deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. As phytoplankton and forests are the main ways in which Gaia draws down greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, taking it out of the atmosphere, the elimination of this environmental buffering will see, according to Lovelock, most of the earth becoming uninhabitable for humans and other life-forms by the middle of this century, with a massive extension of tropical deserts. After leaving school Lovelock worked at a photography firm, attending Birkbeck College during the evenings, before being accepted to study chemistry at the University of Manchester, where he was a student of the Nobel Prize laureate Professor Alexander Todd. A New Look at Life on Earth" e co-sviluppata dalla microbiologa Lynn Margulis negli anni '70. Lovelock definió Gaia como: una ciudad compleja que implica a la biosfera, atmósfera, océanos y tierra; constituyendo en su totalidad un sistema cibernético o retroalimentado que busca un entorno físico y químico óptimo para la vida en el planeta. Dateiverwendung Die folgende Seite verwendet diese Datei: Lovelock ist eine Stadt im US-Bundesstaat Nevada. He is an open member of Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy. [8] Robert S. P. Beekes suggested a Pre-Greek origin. His work generally shows remarkable originality, simplicity and ingenuity. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, 26 luglio 1919) è un chimico britannico. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth Garden City, 1919. július 26. If several women compete for the priesthood, lots are cast for the honor.

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